Original Article
Fatemeh Hajirahimi
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 1-10
Abstract
Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is full of mystical values, which, in addition to narrating historical and heroic stories, emphasizes the rich and diverse spiritual ideals and concepts of Iranian culture and thought, and can be presented as a model of spiritual life for readers. This book generally emphasizes the ...
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Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is full of mystical values, which, in addition to narrating historical and heroic stories, emphasizes the rich and diverse spiritual ideals and concepts of Iranian culture and thought, and can be presented as a model of spiritual life for readers. This book generally emphasizes the spiritual and moral ideals and concepts in Iranian culture and thought, which, as a valuable literary work, can be a guide for the spiritual and moral life of readers; because deep mystical concepts are hidden in it. With a little reflection and contemplation, we find that the themes in this great work have been widely used in the works of mystics, and by interpreting their concepts, mystical principles and secrets have been explained. One of the mystical and fundamental themes in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is the philosophy of death, which is expressed from Ferdowsi's perspective with a philosophical, moral, and cultural perspective. The present study, which was conducted using an analytical method, has examined death, the predestination, and the universality of death in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. The research findings show that Ferdowsi considers death to be the inevitable and inevitable fate of humans and emphasizes that one should not be attached to material life; rather, one should leave a good name with good deeds and behavior that will keep a person alive after death. Therefore, the philosophy of death in the Shahnameh is a combination of realism about death, a moral attitude towards life, and the importance of a good name as a path to immortality in the collective memory of the Iranian people and culture.
Original Article
Mumtaz Heidari; Fatemeh HajiRahimi
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 11-24
Abstract
Female identity refers to an individual’s personal perception of themselves as women, which can be consistent with or different from their biological sex at birth. This identity is formed based on the individual’s perceptions, feelings, and experiences about being a woman and can include ...
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Female identity refers to an individual’s personal perception of themselves as women, which can be consistent with or different from their biological sex at birth. This identity is formed based on the individual’s perceptions, feelings, and experiences about being a woman and can include different aspects such as roles, behaviors, values, and characteristics related to women. During the emergence of literature and the creation of their literary works and masterpieces, the masters of Persian literature and poetry have spoken loudly in describing women, praising their love and beauty, and appreciating their high position, and have called women the preservers of ethnic and racial identity and values. Two of these great poets are Ferdowsi and Iranshah ibn Abi al-Khair. The purpose of this research is to conduct a comparative study of recognizing women’s identity in Shahnameh and Kushnameh. This study attempted to shed light on various manifestations of women's identity in mythological, heroic, and historical periods by analyzing the different roles and influences of women in these two works. In this study, first, a brief look at the definition of epic and the position of epic texts in Persian literature is given, then a brief introduction of Shahnameh and Kushnameh and the position of women in these works is given; finally, an analysis of the characteristics and duties of women in these two epics is presented.
Original Article
Robab-Batoul Palavi; Maryam Jafarzadeh
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 25-36
Abstract
The position of women in contemporary poetry, as one of the important topics of literature, has always been of interest to poets. This study conducts a comparative study of the position of women in the poetry of contemporary Iranian and Urdu poets. In this regard, the poems of prominent poets such as ...
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The position of women in contemporary poetry, as one of the important topics of literature, has always been of interest to poets. This study conducts a comparative study of the position of women in the poetry of contemporary Iranian and Urdu poets. In this regard, the poems of prominent poets such as Simin Behbahani, Fatemeh Arkai in Persian and Payam Azami and Aref Sahab in Urdu are examined. The analyses show that poets of both languages have addressed issues such as defending women's rights, their position in the family, role models, their position in society, and the suffering and struggle of women in society. In Persian poetry, women are manifested as independent beings with individual identities who are constantly in search of freedom and liberation from social constraints. Iranian poets criticize patriarchal structures and restrictive traditions and depict the suffering and challenges of women. In Urdu poetry, poets also pay attention to the importance and personality of women. In these poems, women are portrayed as independent symbols as well as valuable beings and influential individuals in society. Social criticism is also clearly evident in Urdu poetry, where poets address the limitations and challenges faced by women.
Original Article
Mohammad Asif; Atefeh Khodayi
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 37-50
Abstract
One of the important studies in the world of literature is the detailed study of the stylistic characteristics of literary works. The analysis and analysis of the style in any literary work can reveal aspects of its structure. The present study examines the characteristics of the Khorasani style in Rudaki's ...
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One of the important studies in the world of literature is the detailed study of the stylistic characteristics of literary works. The analysis and analysis of the style in any literary work can reveal aspects of its structure. The present study examines the characteristics of the Khorasani style in Rudaki's poetry. In this study, which was conducted analytically, all the characteristics of the Khorasani style in Rudaki's poetry have been studied. This issue was examined in the Samanid period of the Khorasani style and then its reflection in Rudaki's poetry has been expressed. This poetic style, called Khorasani or Turkestani, was common in the fourth century AH. This style is characterized by features such as simplicity, fluency, the use of simple and natural words and combinations, attention to the description of nature and its elements, and the use of literary devices in moderation. It is obvious that addressing these issues in the works of Rudaki, the first great Persian-speaking poet after Islam, can also shed light on many of the general realities of Persian poetry in its early periods from the aforementioned aspects.
Original Article
Seyyedeh Marjan Razavi; Fatemeh Hajirahimi
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 51-62
Abstract
The speeches of Hazrat Zahra (PBUH) are considered one of the most prominent examples of divine and human speech in the history of Islam, which, in addition to having deep and influential meanings, are also rich in the beauty of eloquence and rhetorical ornaments in literary terms. The present article, ...
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The speeches of Hazrat Zahra (PBUH) are considered one of the most prominent examples of divine and human speech in the history of Islam, which, in addition to having deep and influential meanings, are also rich in the beauty of eloquence and rhetorical ornaments in literary terms. The present article, using a descriptive method and with the aim of a scientific and literary analysis of the sermons and hadiths of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH), has examined the three main branches of rhetoric - semantics, expression, and originality. First, the science of semantics is examined and it is shown how Hazrat Zahra (PBUH) used news and essay sentences to express religious, social, and moral truths. Hazrat's news sentences express clarity in conveying the message and logical reasoning, while essay sentences play a role in creating an emotional impact and encouraging the audience to take action. Then, with regard to the science of rhetoric, Hazrat's artistic use of simile, metaphor, and irony is examined; These tools have not only added to the linguistic richness of his speech, but also provided the power to convey complex concepts in a tangible and effective way. Finally, the novel science, especially verbal and spiritual devices such as alliteration, puns, contradictions and allusions, has been analyzed, which demonstrates the artistry and mastery of the Imam over the aesthetics of speech.
Original Article
Aghileh Reza; Atefeh Khodayi
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 63-76
Abstract
The Palestinian issue is one of the most important issues in the Islamic world that Muslims have always paid attention to. In the meantime, poets, as one of the influential groups on culture and society, have addressed this issue in their poems. Native Palestinian poets as well as poets from other countries ...
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The Palestinian issue is one of the most important issues in the Islamic world that Muslims have always paid attention to. In the meantime, poets, as one of the influential groups on culture and society, have addressed this issue in their poems. Native Palestinian poets as well as poets from other countries and in different languages have written poems in their own language and pen in line with the resistance of the Palestinian nation and have raised the cry of struggle against the usurping Zionist regime in the path of independence and freedom of the Islamic land, and have made this manifest in their poems. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to study and examine the manifestations of resistance and the ideal of Palestine in the poems of "Iqbal Lahori" and "Hossein Israfili". The findings of the study indicate that these poets, with Palestine as their center, have addressed themes such as the unity of the nation and the concept of the Islamic homeland, the connection of resistance with religious and historical concepts, the description of the occupation and the crimes of the enemy, sacrifice and martyrdom, and the hope for the freedom and victory of Palestine.
Original Article
Ilghar Mohammadi
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 77-92
Abstract
Structuralism is one of the methods of text analysis in the twentieth century that examines the rules and patterns in the text with a generalist approach. Grimas's narratological model is a universal, flexible, and adaptable model to literary and non-literary genres. In such a way that the main structure ...
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Structuralism is one of the methods of text analysis in the twentieth century that examines the rules and patterns in the text with a generalist approach. Grimas's narratological model is a universal, flexible, and adaptable model to literary and non-literary genres. In such a way that the main structure of each narrative can be analyzed and examined with his narratological theory. In this research, which was conducted fundamentally, based on library studies and using a descriptive-analytical method, the narrative structure of the stories (Gershasps and the Daughter of King Rum in Gershaspnameh and Penelope and Ulysses in Odyssey) as examples of epic poems was studied based on Grimas's action model; the main structure of these narratives was analyzed and examined by changing the situations based on dual oppositions and narrative chains. After analyzing the texts, it was concluded that Grimas's action model is quite useful and applicable in analyzing the narrative of the aforementioned epic poems, and the plot of the stories has a specific narrative structure and coherence and can be examined from two perspectives (dual oppositions and syntactic rules). In terms of action, it includes two separate action models with distinct actors that are less frequently observed in other narratives.
Original Article
Zahra-Sadat Mousavi
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 93-103
Abstract
Book analysis, as a scientific method, examines, interprets, and evaluates the content of a book using specific research and analysis methods. In this study, the book "Principles and Practical Method" by Karen Schramm has been examined. This work, in two volumes and 23 chapters, describes the appropriate ...
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Book analysis, as a scientific method, examines, interprets, and evaluates the content of a book using specific research and analysis methods. In this study, the book "Principles and Practical Method" by Karen Schramm has been examined. This work, in two volumes and 23 chapters, describes the appropriate conditions for language learning, the characteristics of good language learners, strategies for language learners' progress, and facilitating the learning process.This book specifically examines the four skills, including speaking, listening, reading, and writing. In this study, a summary of Chapter 18, which is related to reading skills and good language learners, is reviewed and analyzed, and the author's opinions on reading skills are presented. Although in first language learning, linguistic data is usually received through listening at first, in non-native language learning, this is often done through reading skills. In the present study, we will get acquainted with the process of development of reading skills of good learners. First, a little explanation was given about the cognitive approach, and then the cognitive interactive processes involved in reading skills are briefly mentioned. Scientific analysis of a book can help provide a deeper understanding of the subject, identify the book's strengths and weaknesses, assess its credibility and impact, and relate it to other works and intellectual fields.
Original Article
Hasan Shahriyari
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 105-114
Abstract
Reward and punishment are among the prominent themes of mystical texts and have been discussed in various ways and forms in all divine religions. There is no divine book that does not mention reward and punishment for actions. The only difference is in the way of expression and the type of reward and ...
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Reward and punishment are among the prominent themes of mystical texts and have been discussed in various ways and forms in all divine religions. There is no divine book that does not mention reward and punishment for actions. The only difference is in the way of expression and the type of reward and punishment, and the time and place. Ferdowsi, as a wise poet familiar with Islamic and Zoroastrian texts, has expressed this moral issue in various language and expressions in the form of moral wisdom and teachings by gaining knowledge of the history of his predecessors and observing the failures of the unjust and the successes of those seeking justice. The present study, which has been conducted based on an analytical and descriptive method, has examined the position of punishment and punishable sins in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Ferdowsi always emphasizes that observing justice and avoiding moral sins such as greed, avarice, and lies are a condition for maintaining order and peace in society and the strength of governments, and those who are infected with these sins will eventually be punished. The findings of the research show that punishment, from Ferdowsi’s perspective, is an important moral and religious principle that is effective in establishing social justice and observing moral principles, and ultimately, bad deeds bring punishment and destruction, and this teaching is clearly expressed in the form of wisdom and stories in the Shahnameh.
Original Article
Nazereh Abedi; Hamid Akbarpour
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 115-128
Abstract
Islam considers women to be half of the body of society and considers their role important and necessary for the growth and advancement of man and society. In Islamic texts, women have a high position in society and the responsibility of educating a generation of believers is the mission of their presence ...
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Islam considers women to be half of the body of society and considers their role important and necessary for the growth and advancement of man and society. In Islamic texts, women have a high position in society and the responsibility of educating a generation of believers is the mission of their presence in society. In this path, it is necessary for Muslim women to observe Islamic principles and laws. Among the first necessities of Islamic laws is observing the hijab, chastity and modesty. The superior hijab and the veil are symbols beyond the outward covering that carry deep cultural, religious and identity themes. The poems of Amiri Firuzkohi and Shoja al-Din Ebrahimi have been able to reflect this manifestation well in spiritual and social dimensions; where the veil is introduced not only as a covering but also as a symbol of dignity, independence and connection with religious and national values. The findings of this study show that both poets have redefined the hijab in an artistic and literary context and have created a dynamic and vivid image of it that is able to simultaneously respond to contemporary language and preserve traditional roots. The superior hijab and the chador are highlighted in their poems as a manifestation of the opposition and coexistence of tradition and modernity, religion and culture, individual and social. This literary reinterpretation provides a valuable opportunity to understand the place of the hijab in contemporary culture and the role of contemporary poets in representing it.
Original Article
Ismat Fatemeh; Majid Jafari
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 129-146
Abstract
Martyrdom is a divine blessing bestowed upon the pious, leading to their ultimate felicity. It has certain foundations, one of the highest of which is martyrdom in the battlefield of jihad and struggle against falsehood. Martyr Soleimani is the most exemplary model in every field. He was a martyr defending ...
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Martyrdom is a divine blessing bestowed upon the pious, leading to their ultimate felicity. It has certain foundations, one of the highest of which is martyrdom in the battlefield of jihad and struggle against falsehood. Martyr Soleimani is the most exemplary model in every field. He was a martyr defending the sanctity of guardianship (Wilayah) and one of the great figures of resistance and jihad in the Islamic world. A martyr cannot be introduced by merely listing a few attributes because his life was based on divine verses. This article aims to investigate the most prominent characteristics of Haj Qasem Soleimani in contemporary poetry, the verses of the Holy Quran, narrations, and the statements of the Supreme Leader. The research method is descriptive-analytical and relies on contemporary poetry. The fundamental question of the research is: based on contemporary poetry, do the most prominent characteristics of Haj Qasem Soleimani align with the most prominent characteristics of a human being in the Quran and narrations? The findings indicate that Martyr Soleimani possessed numerous characteristics that have been expressed in contemporary poetry, the Holy Quran, hadiths, and the statements of the Supreme Leader. The most important of these were adherence to guardianship and following the tradition of the Prophet of Islam, sincerity, faithfulness to one's pledge, defending the oppressed, and fighting against oppressors. These characteristics motivated him to become a distinguished personality in the Islamic world. He is a practical model whose martyrdom awakened people worldwide against injustice, and we must strive to attain his attributes, particularly his sincerity.
Original Article
Majid Jafari
Volume 4, Issue 7 , June 2025, Pages 147-165
Abstract
In the Masnavi, there are many medical terms: names of medicines, numerous references to ancient medical principles, names of diseases, etc. Rumi used these terms in most cases as similes and metaphors to express his moral and mystical message, otherwise his intention was not to teach medical rules. ...
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In the Masnavi, there are many medical terms: names of medicines, numerous references to ancient medical principles, names of diseases, etc. Rumi used these terms in most cases as similes and metaphors to express his moral and mystical message, otherwise his intention was not to teach medical rules. The precise and delicate use of these terms shows that Rumi had a remarkable familiarity with the science of medicine. It is not without reason that Edward Brown has said: Anyone who is familiar with the medical works and records of the Middle Ages will understand the Masnavi better than others. Rumi had a thorough familiarity with the science of medicine and its terms, so much so that if someone is not familiar with these terms, he will have difficulty understanding some of the verses. Even in our time, some of these beliefs still exist in the field of medicine. The findings of the research show that Rumi referred to more than 30 types of diseases in the Masnavi and brought the popular beliefs that existed about these diseases into his work. He also mentioned nearly 30 types of medicine in the Mathnavi.