بررسی و واکاوی جریان شکل گیری غزل در ادبیات فارسی

ABSTRACT

The ghazal, as one of the most prominent and enduring forms of Persian poetry, emerged from a gradual evolution in the structure and lyrical content of the literary traditions that preceded it. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, this study examines the origins and the transitional process from the ghazal section of the qasida (ode) to the ghazal as an independent poetic form. The central question addresses how the ghazal emerged from within the qasida and identifies the structural and thematic factors that contributed to its establishment. The findings indicate that this process was not a sudden occurrence but rather the result of shifting audience tastes, socio-political changes, and a growing inclination among poets to express personal emotions while moving away from the formal constraints and affectations associated with qasida composition. Although the ancient roots of the ghazal can be traced back to the taghazzul (lyrical prelude) of early qasidas, the process of this form gaining independence and establishing itself as a self-contained literary genre requires a rigorous analysis of intellectual and aesthetic currents. Research findings indicate that the emergence of the *ghazal* was not merely a formal shift—specifically, a reduction in the number of verses—but rather a reflection of a transformation in the poets' worldview and a shift in literary discourse from the praise of an external patron to the adoration of an internal beloved (and, in later stages of evolution, to mysticism). This study examines the contrast between the qasida's lyrical prelude and the independent ghazal, evaluating elements such as emotional unity, changes in linguistic approach, and the influence of audience taste on this literary evolution; it further elucidates how this movement paved the way for the rise of the Iraqi style and the establishment of the ghazal as the primary medium for expressing human emotions.